College Composition

College Composition Study Guide

In general, a paragraph is both an individual unit and a piece of the larger document. Each body paragraph should stand on its own as a complete thought, as well as provide a transition to help the flow of the document. The PIE method is one example of an effective way to construct a body paragraph: • Point (P): The first sentence of the body paragraph will clearly state the main point or idea being discussed in the paragraph. • Illustration (I): A supporting detail, fact, or quote can be used to help illustrate the main idea. An illustration will generally come from an outside source, but it can also be a personal anecdote or experience. • Explanation (E): After an illustration, the writer must explain to the reader how it relates to the topic. For example, if a fact is used to illustrate the changing rates in job loss over the century, then a few sentences connecting that fact to the point the author is trying to make is necessary. The explanation is the key part of the paragraph, since it bridges the gap between an illustration and its relevance to the document. When using the PIE method, it is important to note that a paragraph should have several illustrations and explanations, not just one. For example, after the topic sentence it would be appropriate to have an illustration and explanation, another illustration and explanation, and often a third illustration and explanation. The number of illustrations and explanations will generally depend on how long or in depth the explanation is. Other popular ways to organize a paragraph include: • Narration: This format is typically used when telling a story. It is generally written in first person and recounts a specific situation. • Description: This paragraph format used vivid details to paint a picture for the reader. • Compare and Contrast: This format looks at two things and either discusses their similarities or differences. Conclusion Paragraphs A strong conclusion should review for the reader the key points and topics covered in the writing. Often times the conclusion will use similar language or circle back to a point made in the introductory paragraph. This helps tie the writing together and make it cohesive. Another strategy frequently used in conclusion paragraphs is to include a call to action. A call to action will give the reader ideas on how to get involved in the issue or take further steps related to the writing topic. With either strategy, it is important to ensure the concluding paragraph leave a strong, final impression with the reader. 4.2 Essay Organization Organizing the document is how the writer composes and arranges information. A writer needs to consciously decide how the document will be organized to guarantee that the correct information will be presented clearly and logically.

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