Developmental Psychology

Achieve Test Prep: Developmental Psychology

o If glasses are required before age twenty, the individual is probably nearsighted o Astigmatism is the lack of elasticity of the lens and is more likely to occur with age o Presbyopia is the technical term for age-related eye changes o Glaucoma is the increased pressure inside of the eye and is more common after age forty  Increased pressure squeezes the optic nerve which can lead to blindness, but it can be treated o Cataracts are cloudy lenses which are less serious than other issues. Cataracts can be surgically corrected • Body System Changes o Cardiovascular and digestive systems continue to decline o Immune system starts to decline and is more likely to attack itself • Lifestyle Factors and Nutrition o More than 50% of death and disease are due to lifestyle, not age o Heart disease and cancer are the two leading causes of death in the USA o Alcohol dependence is most common around age forty o Cigarette smoking contributes to death and disease, which usually cause lung cancer o Excess dietary fat is a major contributor to heart disease o Low fiber intake may increase the risk of colon cancer o Over 40% of middle-aged Americans are obese o Moderate exercise can decrease health risks and enhance cognition o Men have a higher mortality rate than women during middle age o Men are also twice as likely to die of any cause and three times more likely to die of heart disease o Women have higher morbidity (disease) rates than men of the same age range o Women have higher disability rates • Variations in Health Between Men and Women

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