Developmental Psychology
Achieve Test Prep: Developmental Psychology
Below are the life stages according to Erikson :
Age
Stage/Conflict Faced
Characteristics/ Questions Asked Infants learn to trust caregivers to supply their needs.
Outcome
Birth to 1 year Trust vs. Mistrust
If the child’s needs are not met, they will not trust people or the world to help support them. If the issue is resolved, the infant will learn to hope. If the toddler is not allowed to explore and learn to become self-sufficient, they may grow to doubt themselves. If the child learns they can do things by themselves, they will learn “free/self-will.” If the conflict is resolved, the child learns their purpose. If their conflict is not resolved, the child will develop feelings of guilt for wanting independence. If the conflict is resolved the child learns “competence.” If the conflict is not resolved, the child may feel inferior. If the conflict is resolved, the adolescent will learn a “fidelity” to a particular identity. If the conflict is not resolved, the adolescent may feel conflicted with their role, for the remainder of their life.
“Is the world predictable and supportive?”
Age: 2-3 years
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Toddlers explore independence and must be allowed to start becoming self-sufficient.
“Can I do things by myself or do I need others to help?”
Age: 4-5 years Initiative vs. Guilt
Children learn about the acceptability of their actions. They must have the ability to explore and help with tasks and projects -“Am I good or bad?” Children learn to accomplish things and want to be productive members of their family/society. -“Am I successful or am I a failure?” Adolescents need to explore their identity and discover their inner self “Who am I and who will I be?”
Age: 6-11 years Industry vs. Inferiority
Age: 12-18 years
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Young Adult
Intimacy vs.
Individuals consider relationships If the conflict is resolved, the
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