Developmental Psychology

Achieve Test Prep: Developmental Psychology

more about beauty. When the same child was portrayed as a boy, the adults emphasized strength, size, and active play. Media influences direct orientation in children. Parents control what media influences themselves and their children. Parent-Child Relationships: Regardless of the style of parenting, different styles have been greatly shown to affect children’s behaviors. Diana Baumrind observed children in nursery schools and interviewed their parents at home. Through her observations, she discovered four differing qualities between parenting styles. The qualities were parental warmth, ability to control the child’s actions, quantity/quality of communication between parent and children, and the parental expectation for age-appropriate behavior in their children. There are three distinctive styles of parenting which have been determined from the interviews conducted by Baumrind: 1. Authoritarian parents: c. Warmth towards the child is low d. Do not explain reasons for rules Children of these parents tend to be obedient without the opportunity to be truly independent. 2. Permissive parents: a. Effectively opposite of authoritarian parents b. Rarely set rules and behavior seldom punished c. Expectations are low and communication is high d. Warmth is high Children of these parents may have low self-confidence and demonstrate poor behavior in social situations. 3. Authoritative Parents: a. Set limits and provide guidance b. High expectations and high communication c. High levels of warmth d. Parents are willing to compromise and listen to their children e. Children of these parents are happy, well-adjusted, generous, and independent. a. Strict rules and rely on punishment to enforce the rules b. Standards are high and communication is usually low

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