Ethics

Ethics Table of Contents3
Chapter 1: Ethics and Ethical Reasoning8
1.1 What is Morality?8
1.2 What is Ethics?8
1.3 Normative Ethics8
1.4 Non-Normative Ethics9
1.5 Moral Judgments, Argumentation, and Reasoning10
1.6 Argumentation: Basic Terms and Concepts10
1.7 Chapter One Quiz12
Chapter 2: Ethical Relativism and Meta-ethics15
2.1 Ethical Relativism15
2.2 Support for Ethical Relativism16
2.3 Criticisms of Relativism16
2.4 Other Meta-Ethical Theories17
2.5 Chapter Two Quiz19
Chapter 3: Egoism, Contractarianism, and Utilitarianism22
3.1 Egoism22
3.2 Contractarianism23
3.3 Utilitarianism24
3.4 The Utilitarian Theorists24
3.5 Subtypes of Utilitarianism25
3.6 Chapter Three Quiz27
Chapter 4: Deontological Theories29
4.1 Deontological Ethics29
4.2 Immanuel Kant29
4.3 Existentialism32
4.4 Nietzsche: On the Genealogy of Morals32
4.5 Chapter Four Quiz35
Chapter 5: Virtue Ethics, Natural Law Theory, and Communitarianism37
5.1 Virtue Ethics37
5.2 Natural Law39
5.3 Communitarianism41
5.4 Chapter Five Quiz44
Chapter 6: Feminism, Equality, and Duty46
6.1 Feminine Ethics46
6.2 Simone de Beauvoir47
6.3 John Rawls48
6.4 William David Ross49
6.5 Chapter Six Quiz51
Chapter 7: Justice, Rights, and Liberty53
7.1 Justice53
7.2 Types of Justice53
7.3 Rights55
7.4 Liberty56
7.5 Autonomy57
7.6 Chapter Seven Quiz58
Chapter 8: Medical Issues60
8.1 Public Health60
8.2 Informed Consent60
8.3 Abortion60
8.4 Surrogacy62
8.5 Euthanasia62
8.6 Resuscitation64
8.7 Hospice64
8.8 Chapter Eight Quiz67
Chapter 9: Environmental Issues70
9.1 Environmental Ethics70
9.2 The Land Ethic72
9.3 Chapter Nine Quiz73
Chapter 10: Social and Personal Issues75
10.1 Friendship75
10.2 Natural Law and Sex75
10.3 Other Sexual Issues76
10.4 Equality and Discrimination79
10.5 Punishment and Terrorism80
10.6 Chapter Ten Quiz84
Chapter 11: Professional and Business Issues86
11.1 Business Ethics86
11.2 Human Resources87
11.3 Affirmative Action87
11.4 Whistleblowing88
11.5 Chapter Eleven Quiz89
Practice Exam91
Appendix A: Overview of Ethical Theories, Theorists, and Terminology108
Appendix B: Answer Keys117

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