Humanities Study Guide

Humanities Study Guide

Symbolism was another philosophical thought of the era, primarily of the upper-class. The Symbolist thinkers rejected the values of the industrial mass society. They looked down on the middle class and engaged in art for the sake of art. Mallarme, a leading symbolist of the time, remarked that themiddle class read about morality, "but for heaven's sake do not give them our poetry to spoil." Visual Arts……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Victorian-era English painters preferred brilliant color and honest feelings to artificiality and classicism. Some refer to them as PreRaphaelites because they resembled the early Renaissance paintings, with clear, detailed paintings. This was the time of realism, which was a truthful and objective representation of the social world. Edouard Manet was a realist painter during this era who often shocked viewers. He updated his traditional paintings, adding modern subjects and disregarded traditions. One example is the Luncheon on the Grass. The painting demands many questions of the viewer, like, who are the women? Why are they undressed? And why is the central woman staring directly at the viewer? Honore Daumier was another of the most famous pictorial realists. His methods had some of the greatest impacts on the future of printmaking. The rise of photography occurred during this time, with the invention of the first camera. The first photo was taken in 1825, and by the 1850s, photos were a cheaper and less time-consuming means of portraiture. Photos were used to view and map the streets and sewers of the modern city. Mathew Brady was a notable photographer who captured images of the United States Civil war, showing the realities of war in stark realism for the first time. 9.2 The Beginning of Modernism In contrast with Realism, Art Nouveau was a form of symbolism that rejected industrialism. Art Nouveau artists used a decorative style of art, often with floral or natural motifs. These artists emphasized the unity of artistic materials, expressing how the specific material of their work related to what they were depicting. In the world of sculpture, Auguste Rodin developed a new type of figural sculpting. He viewed his craft as a personal choice, rather than something that needed to be shared with all the world. France saw his work as insulting, condemning it for going too far from conventional methods. One of the most prolific types of painting is that of the Impressionists . Impressionism was characterized by open, colorful compositions, often painted quickly and loosely to capture the emotional impression of a scene. The best-known painters during this timewere ClaudeMonet, Edgar Degas, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Claude Monet sought to capture the fleeting effects of light and color, using rapid sketch-like brush strokes. Renoir was considered more lyrical and less bound to

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