Macroeconomics

‭●‬ ‭A‬‭high‬‭MPC‬‭indicates‬‭that‬‭individuals‬‭or‬‭households‬‭tend‬‭to‬‭spend‬‭a‬‭signifcant‬‭portion‬ ‭of‬ ‭any‬ ‭additional‬ ‭income‬ ‭they‬ ‭receive,‬ ‭which‬ ‭can‬ ‭stimulate‬ ‭economic‬ ‭growth‬ ‭during‬ ‭periods of increased income.‬ ‭●‬ ‭Conversely,‬ ‭a‬ ‭low‬ ‭MPC‬ ‭suggests‬ ‭that‬ ‭individuals‬ ‭save‬‭more‬‭of‬‭their‬‭additional‬‭income,‬ ‭which may result in slower economic growth.‬ ‭2.‬ ‭The‬ ‭marginal‬ ‭propensity‬‭to‬‭save‬‭(MPS)‬ ‭,‬‭on‬‭the‬‭other‬‭hand,‬‭calculates‬ ‭the‬‭proportion‬‭of‬‭extra‬ ‭income that is saved‬ ‭.‬ ‭=‬ ‭ ℎ ‬‭‬‭ ‭ ℎ ‬‭‬‭ ‬‭‬‭‬‭‬‭ ‬ ‬ ‭∆‬‭ ‭∆‬‭ ‬ ‬ ‭Assume‬ ‭that‬ ‭following‬ ‭an‬ ‭increase‬ ‭in‬ ‭income‬ ‭by‬ ‭$100,‬ ‭an‬ ‭individual‬ ‭saved‬‭an‬‭additional‬‭$20.‬ ‭Therefore,‬ ‭MPS‬ ‭=‬ ‭20/100‬ ‭=‬ ‭0.2.‬ ‭In‬ ‭practical‬ ‭terms,‬ ‭this‬ ‭means‬ ‭that‬ ‭for‬ ‭every‬ ‭additional‬ ‭$1‬ ‭earned, $0.2 is saved.‬ ‭●‬ ‭The‬ ‭MPS‬ ‭is‬ ‭an‬ ‭economic‬ ‭indicator‬‭that‬‭quantifes‬ ‭how‬‭savings‬‭respond‬‭to‬‭changes‬‭in‬ ‭income.‬ ‭●‬ ‭The‬ ‭value‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭MPS‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭whole‬ ‭economy‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬ ‭between‬ ‭0‬ ‭and‬ ‭1‬ ‭because‬ ‭consumers‬ ‭might‬ ‭save‬‭some‬‭(0‬‭<‬‭MPS‬‭<‬‭1),‬‭none‬‭(MPS‬‭=‬‭0),‬‭or‬‭all‬‭of‬‭their‬‭increases‬‭in‬ ‭incomes (MPS = 1).‬ ‭●‬ ‭A‬‭higher‬‭MPS‬‭suggests‬‭that‬‭even‬‭small‬‭changes‬‭in‬‭income‬‭result‬‭in‬‭signifcant‬ ‭changes‬ ‭in‬ ‭savings‬ ‭,‬ ‭while‬ ‭a‬ ‭lower‬ ‭MPS‬ ‭indicates‬ ‭that‬ ‭income‬ ‭fluctuations‬ ‭have‬ ‭a‬ ‭relatively‬ ‭smaller impact on savings‬ ‭.‬ ‭The Relationship between MPC and MPS‬ ‭The‬ ‭relationship‬ ‭between‬ ‭MPC‬ ‭and‬ ‭MPS‬ ‭is‬ ‭complementary.‬ ‭They‬ ‭add‬ ‭up‬ ‭to‬ ‭1,‬ ‭which‬ ‭means‬ ‭that‬ ‭any‬ ‭additional‬ ‭income‬ ‭received‬ ‭by‬ ‭individuals‬ ‭is‬ ‭either‬ ‭spent‬ ‭(MPC)‬ ‭or‬‭saved‬‭(MPS).‬‭In‬‭other‬‭words,‬‭every‬ ‭dollar‬ ‭of‬ ‭additional‬ ‭income‬ ‭is‬ ‭either‬ ‭used‬ ‭for‬ ‭consumption or saved.‬ ‭MPS =‬

‭Mathematically,‬‭it‬‭can‬‭be‬‭expressed‬‭as:‬‭MPC‬‭+‬‭MPS‬‭=‬ ‭1‬‭.‬ ‭Therefore,‬ ‭MPC‬ ‭and‬ ‭MPS‬ ‭can‬ ‭also‬ ‭be‬ ‭calculated‬ ‭as‬ ‭follows:‬

‭MPC = 1 − MPS‬ ‭MPS = 1 − MPC‬

‭For‬ ‭example,‬ ‭if‬ ‭the‬ ‭MPC‬ ‭is‬ ‭0.80‬‭(80%),‬‭then‬‭the‬‭MPS‬ ‭must be 0.20 (20%) to make the total equal to 1 (100%).‬

‭Understanding‬ ‭the‬ ‭relationship‬ ‭between‬ ‭MPS‬ ‭and‬ ‭MPC‬ ‭is‬‭vital‬‭for‬‭economists‬‭and‬‭policymakers‬‭when‬ ‭analyzing‬‭the‬‭impact‬‭of‬‭changes‬‭in‬‭income‬‭or‬‭government‬‭policies‬‭on‬‭consumption‬‭and‬‭saving‬‭patterns‬

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