Microbiology

Microbiology Study Guide

Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Microbiology ..................................................................................................7 1.1 Early History of Microbiology........................................................................................................................... 7 Discovery of Microorganisms...............................................................................................................................................................7 Spontaneous Generation.........................................................................................................................................................................7 Germ Theory of Disease...........................................................................................................................................................................7 Discovery of Immunity.............................................................................................................................................................................8 Discovery of Viruses ..................................................................................................................................................................................9 Development of Chemotherapeutic Agents (Chemicals, Medications, and Drugs)...................................................9 1.2 Naming and Classifying Microorganisms....................................................................................................... 9 Nomenclature................................................................................................................................................................................................9 Place of Microorganisms in the World.......................................................................................................................................... 10 Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes ................................................................................................................ 10 Prokaryotes (Prokaryotae): Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Archaeobacteria............................................................ 10 Eukaryotes (Eukaryotae): Protozoa, Algae, and Fungi......................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Microbial Laboratory Techniques .................................................................................................................11 Microscopy .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Stain Procedures....................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Media Preparation and Growth ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Categories..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Pure Culture and Aseptic Techniques ........................................................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Chapter One Practice Exam.............................................................................................................................13 Chapter 2: Biology of Microorganisms ................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Anatomy................................................................................................................................................................15 Prokaryotic Cells....................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Eukaryotic Cells: Protozoa, Algae, and Fungi (Yeasts and Molds).................................................................................. 17 2.2 Growth and Nutrition of Microorganisms ...................................................................................................20 Patterns of Nutrition .............................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Stages in Normal Growth Curve ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 Essential Nutrients.................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Organisms and Energy Pathways .................................................................................................................................................... 20 Requirements for Growth.................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Cultivation.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Dynamics of Populations...................................................................................................................................................................... 24 2.3 Metabolism: Basic Methods of Metabolism and Energy Conversion....................................................26 Enzymes ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26 Photosynthetic vs. Chemosynthetic Metabolism..................................................................................................................... 28 Cellular Respiration ................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Photosynthesis .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 2.4 Genetics.................................................................................................................................................................31 Variations of Cells and Viruses.......................................................................................................................................................... 31

©2018

Achieve

Page 3

of 132