Microbiology

Microbiology Study Guide

infection causes aseptic meningitis, conjunctivitis, epidemic pleurodynia, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, myopericarditis, paralysis, rash, and other respiratory diseases. Treatment is possible with drug therapy of intact humoral immunity and B-cell function. Protozoan Diseases Amoebic Dysentery The main contributor of amoebic dysentery belongs to the species of Entamoeba histolytica . The infection is transmitted through contaminated water and food. The organism affects the lining of the intestine by reverting to their feeding forms, known as trophozoites, and even travels to the liver and lungs. One of the major symptoms of amoebic dysentery is the passing of cysts in stool for along periods of time. Treatment is possible with drug therapy of metronidazole. Giardiasis Caused by the protozoa belonging to the species Giardia lamblia , giardiasis is transmitted through contaminated food and water. The organism enters the body in the form of a cyst and later reverts to the trophozoites form, whereby it multiples itself along the intestine wall. Symptoms include liquid discharge accompanied by a foul smell, pain in the abdomen, and diarrhea. Since the cyst of wild animals is widely found in mountain areas, hikers, campers, and backpackers usually victims of this type of infection. The infection is treated with the help of metronidazole. Cryptosporidiosis This infection is caused by the genre Cryptosporidium belonging to the species C. parvum and C. coccidi . The organism and the disease are generally transmitted through water. Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis include mild gastroenteritis, pain in the abdomen, and diarrhea in watery form. In the case of AIDS patients, massive diarrhea has the ability to cause death. There is no substantial treatment available for this disease . 5.3 Urogenital Tract Diseases The reproductive system of humans is often exposed to the environment, and as we know, a large number of microorganisms survive and metabolize in the environment around us. Because of this, there is more opportunity for microorganisms to enter and invade the reproductive system, and later travel to and infect other parts of the body. Bacterial Diseases Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is one of the most-reported infectious diseases in the United States. The disease is caused by the gram-negative species of the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae . The organism affects the epithelial cells and causes urethritis. Organisms are transmitted through sexual contact. Symptoms

©2018

Achieve

Page 77

of 132

Made with FlippingBook Annual report