Microbiology

Microbiology Study Guide

Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Microbiology...................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Early History of Microbiology .................................................................................................................................7 Discovery of Microorganisms....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Spontaneous Generation ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Germ Theory of Disease..................................................................................................................................................................7 Discovery of Immunity.................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Discovery of Viruses......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Development of Chemotherapeutic Agents (Chemicals, Medications, and Drugs)................................................9 1.2 Naming and Classifying Microorganisms............................................................................................................9 Nomenclature ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Place of Microorganisms in the World .................................................................................................................................. 10 Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes .......................................................................................................... 10 Prokaryotes (Prokaryotae): Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Archaeobacteria......................................................... 10 Eukaryotes (Eukaryotae): Protozoa, Algae, and Fungi ................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Microbial Laboratory Techniques...................................................................................................................... 11 Microscopy........................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Stain Procedures............................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Media Preparation and Growth................................................................................................................................................ 11 Categories .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Pure Culture and Aseptic Techniques.................................................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Chapter One Practice Exam................................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 2: Biology of Microorganisms ........................................................................................................15 2.1 Anatomy....................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Prokaryotic Cells............................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Eukaryotic Cells: Protozoa, Algae, and Fungi (Yeasts and Molds) ............................................................................. 17 2.2 Growth and Nutrition of Microorganisms ....................................................................................................... 20 Patterns of Nutrition..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Stages in Normal Growth Curve ............................................................................................................................................... 20 Essential Nutrients ........................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Organisms and Energy Pathways ............................................................................................................................................ 20 Requirements for Growth........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Cultivation ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Dynamics of Populations............................................................................................................................................................. 24 2.3 Metabolism: Basic Methods of Metabolism and Energy Conversion...................................................... 26 Enzymes ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Photosynthetic vs. Chemosynthetic Metabolism............................................................................................................... 28 Cellular Respiration....................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Photosynthesis ................................................................................................................................................................................ 30 2.4 Genetics........................................................................................................................................................................ 31 Variations of Cells and Viruses ................................................................................................................................................. 31

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