N104: Essentials of Nursing Care - Health Safety

N104 Study Guide

Chapter 6 1. D - All three of these elements must be present for an infection to develop. 2. C - Airborne infections are caused by very small agents spread through the air. Contact transmission involves touching one infected body part to another body part. 3. D - Any of these responses may be correct. Typically, other people, especially healthcare workers, can be the source of an infectious agent. 4. A - Hand washing has been determined to be the single most important way to prevent infection and transmission of disease. 5. B - Healthcare workers who have not had airborne diseases, such as chickenpox, should not be assigned to care for these patients. Even with adequate protection, these diseases are a hazard for those who have not established immunity to the agent. 6. C - Nonspecific immune defenses are those that are not dependent on previous exposure to an antigen. In this case, vaccination is a specific immune response defense since the vaccination triggers an antigen-specific response. 7. A - The inflammation stage lasts one to three days, followed by the regeneration phase in which epidermal cells begin to reproduce to fill in the wound. The final stage is maturation in which the wound gains strength. 8. D - A secondary skin lesion is one that changes an original primary lesion due to trauma, infection, or another condition. A scar is an example of a secondary skin lesion. The others listed are primary skin lesions. 9. A - Primary intention healing occurs when there is minimal loss of tissue and the edges of the wound are pulled together, often by suturing. Secondary intention healing occurs when the edges of the wound cannot be pulled together and healing occurs by granulation. Healing by tertiary intention occurs when treatment is delayed. 10. B - Infection is the most common complication during the healing process that results fromwound contamination. A hematoma is a collection of blood under the skin, commonly called a bruise. Hemorrhage is the loss of excessive blood. Dehiscence is defined as wound edge separation.

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