N104: Essentials of Nursing Care - Health Safety

N104 Study Guide

Chapter 8 1. B - An enteric coated capsule is intended to dissolve in the intestines rather than in the stomach. Crushing that coating allows the medication to dissolve before it reaches the intended target. 2. C - An antibiotic treats an infection. An antiemetic treats nausea and vomiting. An antipyretic treats a fever. Analgesics treat pain. 3. A - Most medications are metabolized through the liver, so a patient with liver failure will have problems with metabolism of medications. A patient with renal failure will have problems with excretion of medications. Coronary disease and obesity are not related to drug metabolism. 4. A - Amount ordered (12.5 mg)/Amount on hand (25 mg) = Amount to give (½ tablet) 5. C - Volume (1000 cc) X drip factor (15)/Time in min (480 min) = flow rate (31.25 drops per minute; since it is not possible to give 0.25 drops, round the number to 31 drops per minute). 6. B - Pharmacokinetics includes the study of the mechanisms of absorption and distribution of an administered drug, the rate at which a drug action begins and the duration of the effect, the chemical changes of the substance in the body, and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacodynamics is defined as what the medication does to the body. A medication peak is the highest concentration of a drug in the blood stream. A medication trough is the lowest level of a drug in the blood stream. 7. D - The nurse must first make certain that she has the correct medication, patient, and dosage. It is not uncommon for the same medication from different suppliers to look different, but the patients should be encouraged to question any medication with which they are not familiar. 8. C - Call the pharmacy to obtain more medication. It is not necessary to call the physician in this case. Doses should not be skipped or given late without specific orders from the prescriber. Single dose medications should never be shared with other patients or borrowed from another patient’s store of drugs. This is a dangerous practice that is also against policy in most facilities. 9. D - In this case, the nurse should assume that the patient is having an allergic reaction and should immediately stop the infusion and watch the patient for further symptoms. The next step would be to call the doctor for further orders. Never ignore symptoms of an allergic reaction. 10. A - Sublingual means under the tongue. These medications absorb into the bloodstream very rapidly when given properly. The patient should be instructed not to chew or swallow the pill and should take no liquid with the pill.

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