N104: Essentials of Nursing Care - Health Safety

N104: Essentials of Nursing Care – Health Safety Study Guide 3.2 Teaching and Learning Educating the patient and caregivers is an integral part of every patient interaction. Teaching is providing activities and knowledge to influence the patient’s behaviors and skills. Learning is the acquisition of skills and knowledge that may change the patient’s behaviors. There are four commonly recognized domains of learning that affect the patient’s ability to integrate knowledge and skills. • The perceptual learning domain is vital for acquiring information through the ability to perceive spoken and written words, pictures, andsymbols. • The cognitive learning domain includes the ability to acquire information through critical thinking skills including: o Acquisition of facts by memorization o Comprehension, or understanding, of newinformation o Application of knowledge by using it in new situations o Analysis of information or being able to break down a whole into its component parts o Synthesis of information to be able to apply it to the individual’s own situation o Evaluation of information by making judgments about the information andits effects • The affective learning domain includes the assimilation of reasoning, ethics, and principles that guide a person’s behavior. The learning that occurs in this domain is based on emotions and attitude; both may have a profound effect on the patient’s behaviors. The five levels of affective learning include: o Receiving: In this level, the patient can identify the emotion or attitude that may be interfering with change. o Responding: In this level, the patient can openly discuss their feelings. o Valuing: In this level, the patient chooses actions from competing alternatives. o Organizing: In this level, the patient begins to integrate the value or attitude into his life. o Characterizing: In this level, the organization of the value or attitude is so deep, that behaviors associated with the values are consistent regardless of thepatient’s situation. • The psychomotor learning domain includes the physical skills and abilities that enablethe patient to manipulate objects, equipment, and machinery. The patient’s level in this domain will help the nurse determine what and how to teach thepatient. o The set level is when the patient is ready to learn a task. o The guided response level is when the patient can imitate behaviors when demonstrated by the nurse. o The mechanism level is when the patient can successfully perform a skill. o The complex overt response level is when the patient can successfully perform the skill without having to think about the steps involved. o In the adaptation level, the patient can perform the skill and is proficient enough to adapt the skill to his own situation. o In the origination level, the patient begins to create new ways to manipulate and improve the learned skill.

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