N105: Essentials of Nursing Care - Health Differences

Essentials of Nursing Study Guide

©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 100 of 160 absorbs irritants and forms a protective coating of the intestinal mucosa. Side effects are granuloma of the stomach. Nursing interventions include not administering more than two times, if patient has fever, or to children younger than 3 years. • Paregoric or camphorated opium tincture is used to treat diarrhea. Paregoric acts directly on the intestinal smooth muscle to increase tone and decrease peristalsis. Side effects are occasional nausea, prolonged use may cause dependence. Nursing interventions include administration with a partial glass of water to facilitate passage into the stomach. Observe number and consistency of stools. Discontinue drug as soon as diarrhea is controlled. Keep Paregoric in a tight, light resistant bottle. Paregoric contains approximately 1.6 mg of morphine or 156 mg of opium and is subject to federal narcotic regulations. Anti-Emetics • Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is used to treat nausea, vomiting, and hiccups. Thorazine works to alter the effects of dopamine in the CNS; it is an anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic blocking drug. Side effects include sedation, extra-pyramidal reaction, dry eyes, blurred vision, hypotension, constipation, dry mouth, and photosensitivity. Nursing interventions include keeping the client flat for 30 minutes after an IM injection; change position slowly and provide frequent mouth care. Teach client that urine may turn pink to red-brown. • Prochloperazine dimaleate (Compazine) is used for nausea, vomiting, and retching. Side effects are drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, blurred vision, and headache. Nursing interventions are to use cautiously with children, pregnant women, and patients with liver disease. • Trimethobenzamide HCL (Tigan) is used for nausea and vomiting. Tigan suppresses chemoreceptors in the trigger zone located in the medulla oblongata. Side effects are drowsiness, vertigo, diarrhea, headache, hypotension, jaundice, blurred vision, and rigid muscles. Nursing interventions include giving Tigan as a deep IM injection to prevent escape of the solution. Additional Terms • Parenteral fluid and electrolyte replacement: IV fluid therapy is essential when clients are unable to take food and fluids orally • Volume expanders: Dextran, plasma and human serum albumin are used to increase blood volume following severe loss of blood or plasma. • Venipuncture sites: Sites vary with patient’s age, length of time the infusion is to run, type of solution, and condition of veins. Metacarpal, basilica, and cephalic veins are commonly used for intermittent or continuous infusions.Ulna and Radius act as a natural splint. For infants, veins in the scalp and dorsal foot are used. • Central venous catheter: This is for long term IV therapy or parenteral nutrition; central venous catheter is inserted into the subclavian or jugular vein.