N105: Essentials of Nursing Care - Health Differences

Essentials of Nursing Study Guide

5.6 Body Mechanics Body alignment (synonymous with good posture) is the geometric arrangement of body parts in relation to each other. Good body alignment promotes optimal balance without undue strain on the joints, muscles, tendons, or ligaments. It promotes maximal body function in any position and balance (the state of equilibrium in which opposing forces counteract each other). Good balance is accomplished through a wide base of support, the foundation on which an object rests. To widen the base of support, spread the feet further apart for a low center of gravity. At the point where all of the mass of an object is centered, to lower the center of gravity, flex the hips and knees until a squatting position is achieved. Poor balance is accomplished by a narrow base of support and a high center of gravity. Coordinated body movement is the production of balanced, smooth, and purposeful movements. This is accomplished through the integrative function of antagonistic, synergistic, and antigravity muscle groups, as well as righting reflexes. 5.7 Positioning Clients • Fowler’s position : head and trunk raised 45 to 90 degrees provides greater chest expansion and lung expansion • Low fowlers (semi-fowler’s): head of bed is elevated 15 to 45 degrees • Orthopneic: high fowlers with an over bed table across the lap to facilitate respirations and maximum chest expansion • Dorsal recumbent: back lying to provide comfort and facilitate healing following surgery • Prone: lying on the abdomen with head to one side, allowing for full extension of the hips and knee joints • Lateral: side lying position which reduces lordosis • Sim’s or semi prone: sometimes used for unconscious, paralyzed, or pregnant patients • Trochanter roll: used for external rotation of the hips while support is placed against the hips to prevent the external rotation of the legs

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