N105: Essentials of Nursing Care - Health Differences

Essentials of Nursing Study Guide

If there are signs of a reaction such as fever and chills, itching, wheezing, rash, or low back pain, the transfusion is stopped immediately and the entire Y set is disconnected. New IV tubing is used for further infusion. If a patient is going to have several blood transfusions, it is important to keep the blood products fully refrigerated until hung for infusion as red cells deteriorate (lose effectiveness) and lyse (releasing potassium into the blood stream) after two hours at room temperature. 3.6 Pediatric Variations • Inhalation therapy: therapies that involve changing the compositions, volume, or pressure of inspired gases • Oxygen therapy: delivered via incubator for infants; delivered via cannula or oxygen tent for older children • Humidification: consists of increasing the water vapor content of room air; helps to loosen congestion • Aerosol therapy : effective in depositing medications directly into the airway • Bronchial (postural) drainage : indicated whenever excessive fluid or mucus is not being removed by normal ciliary activity and coughing • Chest physiotherapy: involves postural drainage in combination with adjunctive techniques such as percussion, vibration, and breathing exercises • Artificial ventilations: nasotracheal intubation is preferred; endotracheal tube is uncuffed for infants, and possible tracheostomy 3.7 Complications of Oxygen Therapy Oxygen toxicity is caused by prolonged exposure to high O2 tensions, which can be damaging to the retina of premature infants and lungs of persons at any age. Oxygen-induced CO2 narcosis may occur in patients with cystic fibrosis.

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