N108: Transition to the Registered Professional Nurse

N108: Transition to the Registered Professional Nurse Role Study Guide career, Goodrich was also president of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Nursing, New York State Inspector for training schools, director of nursing service at Henry Street Settlement, professor of nursing at Teacher's College, Columbia University, and Dean of the Army School of Nursing. She developed the first nursing program at Yale University. She was responsible for developing the program into the Yale Graduate School of Nursing ten years later. Mary Adelaide Nutting Nutting was superintendent of the nursing school at Johns Hopkins. Nutting had also graduated from Johns Hopkins and became friends with Lavinia Dock and Isabel Hampton Robb. Isabel M. Stewart Stewart was the author of The Curriculum Guide for Schools of Nursing in 1937 while she served as chair of the NLN Education Curriculum committee. This guide was used for 25 years in many nursing schools. The guide emphasized the application of sciences, the role of the clinical instructor, and the use of new, creative methods for teaching. Virginia Henderson Henderson was a nurse leader who defined nursing as “assisting the individual [to do what] he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge.” This definition is still used by nurses worldwide. Dorothea Orem later based her theory on “self-care deficit” on Henderson’s idea. Henderson observed in the 1950s that the number of studies about nurses outnumbered studies about nursing clinical problems 10 to 1. The Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library is located at the International Center for Nursing Scholarship at Indiana/Purdue University. Hildegard Peplau Peplau developed a theory of nursing called the Interpersonal Relations Model, in which she theorizes that the purpose of nursing is to foster personality development in the direction of maturity. She outlined four stages of the therapeutic relationship: orientation, working, exploitation of the relationship, and resolution. Peplau theorized that tension arises from the failure to meet needs. She taught that nurses should prioritize their relationship with the patient, strategize to increase maturity, then evaluate whether or not tension was decreased. Martha Rogers Rogers created the nursing theory “Science of Unitary Human Beings.” Her theory describes a constant exchange of energy between humans and their environment. She believed that this exchange was essential for life. She also described the principles of homeodynamics as: helicy, resonancy, complementarity, and an indivisible energy field. Rogers promoted the idea that nurses use their intellect and knowledge to interact with patients in order to promote healthy patterns of living in harmony with their surroundings. Nurses interested in New Age therapies recognize this nursing theory.

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