N212: Health Differences Across the Life Span 2

Health Differences Across the Lifespan 2 Study Guide adolescents), and is also characterized by hyperglycemia and ketosis (ketones in blood resulting from gluconeogenesis from fats). Type 2 diabetes has several proposed causes including compromised ability of beta cells to respond to hyperglycemia, abnormal insulin receptors on cells, and peripheral insulin resistance. It has a genetic predisposition, can occur at any age, and is more common in obese, older adults, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans. Acute complications include hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic (HHNK) coma, also called hyperosmolar coma (HOC) in type 2. Signs and symptoms: • Type 1: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, malaise and fatigue • Type 2: polyuria, polydipsia, blurred vision, fatigue, paresthesia (numbness, tingling, and sensitivity) and skin infections; elevated random and/or fasting blood sugar (BG); abnormal oral glucose tolerance test; elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1c); positive serum ketones and possible urine ketones or acetone with ketoacidosis

©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 101 of 140 Chronic effects and complications of diabetes mellitus: • Neurological: somatic neuropathies (paresthesias, pain, and loss of sensation and motor control); visceral neuropathies (pupil constriction, fixed heart rate, constipation or diarrhea, dysfunction of sweat glands, incomplete voiding, and sexual dysfunction)