N212: Health Differences Across the Life Span 2

Health Differences Across the Lifespan 2 Study Guide Genital Stage The fifth stage of psychosexual development is the genital stage, which spans puberty and adult life and thus occupies most of the life of a man and of a woman. Its purpose is the psychological detachment and independence from the parents. The genital stage affords the person the ability to confront and resolve his or her remaining psychosexual childhood conflicts. As in the phallic stage, the genital stage is centered upon the genitalia, but the sexuality is consensual and adult, rather than solitary and infantile. The psychological difference between the phallic and genital stages is that the ego is established in the latter; the person's concern shifts from primary-drive gratification (instinct) to applying secondary process-thinking to gratify desire symbolically and intellectually by means of friendships, a love relationship, family, and adult responsibilities. 1.6 Erik Erickson’s Development Tasks Erikson explains eight developmental stages in which physical, cognitive, instinctual, and sexual changes combine to trigger an internal crisis whose resolution results in either psychosocial regression or growth and the development of specific virtues. Psychosocial Stage Age Virtue Related Psychopathology Trust vs. mistrust Birth–18 months Hope Psychosis; addictions; depression Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 18 months-3 years Will Paranoia; obsessions; compulsions; impulsivity Initiative vs. guilt 3-5 years Purpose Conversion disorder; phobia; psychosomatic disorder; inhibition Industry vs. inferiority 5-13 years Competence Creative inhibition; inertia Identity vs. role confusion 13-21 years Fidelity Delinquent behavior; gender-related identity disorders; borderline psychotic episodes Intimacy vs. isolation 21-40 years Love Schizoid personality disorder; distantiation Generativity vs. stagnation 40-60 years Care Midlife crisis; premature invalidism Integrity vs. despair 60+ years Wisdom Extreme alienation

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