N213: Health Differences Across the Life Span 3

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide • Pain related to muscle stiffness and joint contractures • Impaired physical mobility related to neurologic/musculoskeletal disorder • Self-care deficit related to immobility and pain • Risk for ineffective management related to knowledge deficit, contracture care, and prevention Nursing interventions for contractures: • Assess for pain frequently and medicate per MDorder • Refer to physical therapy for splint application and therapy plan • Give good skin care to prevent breakdown • Perform range of motion exercises to prevent muscle spasms and shortening • Maintain proper body alignment and position with pillows, changing the position often • Place splints on patient every day • Use footboard for feet (plantar flexion) to prevent foot drop • Provide frequent rest periods and pace activities; encourage self-care as tolerated • Provide a diet high in nutrition, calories, and fiber to provide for extra energy needs • Teach the patient and family about pain relief: heat, massage, stretching, active and passive range of motion exercises Expected outcomes for contractures: • Patient demonstrates/verbalizes increased comfort and pain relief • Patient able to perform ADLs within limits of ability with no further decline • Patient and family show compliance with splint application and range of motion exercises • Actively participates in physical therapy sessions • Patient and family verbalize an understanding of the condition and treatment plan 3.2 Injuries Causing Musculoskeletal Dysfunction Soft Tissues Injuries and Fractures Soft tissue injuries and fractures are caused by injuries to the body from accidents, assault, car accidents, falls, and incidents that cause breaks in the skin. Tissues and bones provide support for the internal organs and protect them. Bones themselves store calcium, allow movement of body parts, and assist with forming blood cells. Muscles and soft tissue protect the bones, give them movement, and store fat and nutrients. Injuries to the soft tissues can affect strength, function, and structure. ©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 130 of 204