N213: Health Differences Across the Life Span 3

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide • During acute inflammatory phase, encourage bowel rest until stable; use nasogastric suctioning to decompress the abdomen • Give laxatives to bulk stool: Metamucil (psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid), stool softeners, suppositories, and warmed oil enemas • Help patient establish a regular bowel routine • Teach patient to report any narrowed stools with pus andmucous • Give antispasmodic medications if needed per MD order for cramping • Encourage increased fluids and give IV fluids if necessary; patient needs at least two Liters of fluids daily • Start diet with clear liquids and advance slowly to a high-fiber diet; encourage patient to increase daily intake of fiber • Encourage a regular exercise routine to assist with increased peristalsis Expected outcomes for diverticular disease: • Patient maintains a stable weight and nutritional intake • Verbalizes increased comfort and pain relief • Maintains stable fluid balance • Demonstrates regular bowel pattern with soft stools • Verbalizes understanding and demonstrates compliance with treatment plan Appendicitis This condition occurs when there is inflammation to the vermiform appendix. Appendicitis happens when the appendix is obstructed by stricture, viral infection, foreign body, ulceration, and retained stool. The area becomes inflamed and is complicated by infection, thrombosis, necrosis, and perforation. It is common in all ages including children, adolescent boys, and adults aged 20-30 years. Complications include rupture and peritonitis. Appendicitis is treated surgically to remove the appendix. The main symptom is peri-umbilical pain moving to right lower quadrant pain. This pain is cramping and colicky at the McBurney’s point. Other symptoms include: • Nausea • Vomiting • Appetite loss (anorexia) • Rebound tenderness • Guarding • Lays still with legs flexed • Malaise • Fever • Constipation • Diarrhea • Rigid abdomen • Behavioral changes ©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 160 of 204

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