N213: Health Differences Across the Life Span 3

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide • Give antibiotics per MD order if patient has an infection, abscess, peritonitis, or perforation o Sulfonamides may be given to decrease inflammation in the bowel, including sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) or sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) o The MD may also order anti-diarrheals and sedatives to calm the bowel o Corticosteroids may also be given for inflammation • Teach patient to avoid milk products, cold foods, smoking, and any other foods that increase gastric motility and diarrhea • Patient should avoid high-fiber foods (whole grains, vegetables, and fruits); encourage small, frequent meals; provide oral hygiene and a comfortable place to eat • Encourage bed rest during the acute phase of illness • Prepare patient for surgery if necessary: colostomy, colectomy, ileostomy, segmental colectomy (removal of part of the colon with anastomosis), sub-total colectomy (removes most of the colon and reconnects the ileum and rectum, or Koch’s pouch, which establishes an ileal reservoir and retains control of elimination • Give patient and family emotional support • Refer to counseling and/or community support services; patient may need a referral for ostomy teaching Expected outcomes for ulcerative colitis: • Patient maintains stable weight • Demonstrates compliance with diet • Patient reports decreased episodes of diarrhea and cramping • Patient maintains adequate nutritional intake and stable fluid balance • Verbalizes understanding of disease process, dietary modifications, and treatment plan • Demonstrates effective coping skills Gall Bladder Disease-Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis This disease occurs when there is a disruption in the bile salts, calcium, and cholesterol. There are two different types of gall bladder disease. Cholecystitis is where bacteria gets into the gall bladder and causes inflammation and infection. Cholelithiasis is when the chemical balance is disrupted that keeps bile salts, calcium, and cholesterol liquid, causing the body to form stones. Patients may have both cholecystitis and cholelithiasis together and the stones may disrupt the flow of bile. Stones are either pigmented stones, or more commonly, cholesterol stones. Cholecystitis is four times more common in women than men. Risk factors include obesity, family history of gallstones, a high fat diet, diabetes, liquid protein diets, fast weight loss diets, major surgery, burns, trauma, pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, and immobility. ©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 164 of 204

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