N213: Health Differences Across the Life Span 3

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide • Monitor strict intake and output and dailyweights • Encourage increased fluids • Administer IV fluids per MD order if necessary • Offer soft, bland diet and small, frequent meals or BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) • Give antiparasitic medications as ordered byMD: o Flagyl (metronidazole): Can have adverse effects; tell patient to take with food to help with stomach upset, avoid alcohol, and warn of risk of bleeding o Pentam/nebuPent (pentamidine): Adverse effects include hypotension with rapid IV infusion, nephrotoxicity, rash, and pancreatitis Expected outcomes for giardiasis: • Demonstrates adequate nutritional intake and maintains stable weight • Demonstrates adequate fluid intake • Demonstrates tolerance of increased activity levels • Verbalizes understanding of disease, drinking water, travel, and transmission risk Hepatitis A This form of hepatitis is not spread through sexual contact, but by the fecal-oral route. People who have Hepatitis A (HAV) who do not wash their hands after using the restroom can spread the infection via food or fluids. It is common among restaurant employees and the general public. It is also common in daycare settings where caregivers do not wash their hands after changing diapers. The infection causes jaundice and can lead to the death of liver tissue (hepatic necrosis). Incubation is three to five weeks and most people are asymptomatic during the incubation period. Strict hand washing guidelines are the number one prevention for this disease and are the main reason there are hand washing signs in restaurant bathrooms. Example A family of four contacts Hepatitis A. Three weeks prior they had eaten in a fast food restaurant on vacation. They told their family physician about the restaurant when asked about possible exposures. The local health department contacted the restaurant management and two employees had experienced symptoms of Hepatitis A recently. The employees were tested and found to be positive for Hepatitis A and the restaurant was closed for further investigation and remediation. Employees underwent further food safety training and certification and the restaurant was allowed to reopen. There were actually over 50 reported cases of Hepatitis A from restaurant patrons at the end of the investigation. This proves that employees in the food service industry must wash their hands after using the restroom. ©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 46 of 204

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