N213: Health Differences Across the Life Span 3

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide ©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 51 of 204 Monitor patient frequently for changes in symptoms • Give medications for GI symptom relief per MDorder • Administer antipyretics and analgesics for pain relief; non-acetaminophen to prevent liver damage • Administer vitamin K per MD order for low platelets and check PT, PTT, andplatelets • Encourage increased fluids or monitor IV therapy • Perform comfort measures for pain; back rubs, positioning, and diversions • Encourage small, frequent meals • Increase protein in diet • Perform daily weights and monitor intake andoutput • Encourage frequent rest periods and pace activities • Patient and family teaching on disease transmission; instruct not to share razors, toothbrushes, and other personal items • Teach patient to place bandages on open wounds and keep themcovered • Encourage frequent follow-up with MD; keep lab appointments and medication compliance Expected outcomes for Hepatitis B and C: • Verbalizes relief of symptoms and increased comfort levels • Demonstrates adequate nutritional and fluid intake • Able to maintain acceptable body weight • Verbalizes relief of pain • Demonstrates ability to maintain adequate PT levels with no signs of bleeding • Verbalizes understanding of disease process and risks of transmission HIV/AIDS HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is caused by a retrovirus that attacks the CD4 cells in the immune system causing it to weaken and leaving the body open to many opportunistic infections. The CD4 cells send a response to the body’s immune system to fight off infection. HIV attaches itself to these cells and takes over stopping them from doing their job as a protector. You will notice that in respect to HIV and AIDS, T-Cells and CD4 cells are used interchangeably and that is because they essentially do the same thing with HIV attacking both. The CD4 count in healthy people ranges from 500-1000/mm3. The CDC does not recommend HIV treatment until this count falls down to around 200/mm3. Basically, if the body is able to fight off infections on its own and there are no opportunistic infections or other disease factors, then no treatment is recommended. After about five to seven years of infection, lymphadenopathy starts and Nursing interventions for Hepatitis B and C: •