N213: Health Differences Across the Life Span 3

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide Nursing diagnosis for Huntington’s disease: • Ineffective coping skills related to involuntary movements, impaired gait, and cognitive decline • Risk for injury due to impaired mobility, sensory perception, and dysphagia • Altered thought processes related to neurological deterioration • Knowledge deficit related to disease, treatment, and progression of symptoms Nursing interventions for Huntington’s disease: • Frequently assess patient for neurological decline andsymptoms • Refer for genetic testing if patient is still considering having children • Refer to home health and support groups • Give medications as ordered by MD: o Dopamine blocking agents: Can reduce the amount of involuntary movements o Antidepressants/antipsychotic agents: Can increase coping skills and reduce psychotic episodes • Maintain safety from falls and other injuries • Consult with speech therapy if swallowing is impaired for new dietaryorders • Maintain a calm environment with low stimulation • Speak slowly and clearly • Offer alternative methods of communications: whiteboard, pen and paper, or flashcards • Teach family about disease process, medications, andsafety • Encourage frequent social activities Expected outcomes for Huntington’s disease: • Patient remains free from injury due to involuntary movements/falls • Demonstrates coping skills with disease process, symptoms, and emotional changes • Patient is able to maintain clear thought processes • Verbalizes understanding of medications, treatment, and safety precautions • Verbalizes understanding of disease process and progression of disease Multiple Sclerosis This disease is progressive and autoimmune. The body’s own immune system attacks the myelin sheath covering the brain and spinal cord. The disease is degenerative and usually occurs in early to mid-life between age 20 and 40. The incidence of acquiring MS can be genetic. This disease is seen in about 15% of people that have a first-degree relative with the same disease. The actual cause of MS isn’t completely clear, but there are factors like family history of auto-immune disorders, infections, and genetics that are thought to play a role. ©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 91 of 204