N213: Health Differences Across the Life Span 3

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide • Encourage frequent rest periods and pace activities to prevent fatigue • Keep room cool as heat exacerbates symptoms • Keep room free of hazards to prevent injuries and teach family home safety measures • Listen to patient and family concerns and assist withcoping • Refer to community assistance and support groups as needed Expected outcomes for multiple sclerosis: • Verbalizes adequate pain control • Demonstrates relief from contractures and muscle spasticity • Demonstrates compliance with medication regimen • Demonstrates adequate ventilation and decreased secretions • Verbalizes understanding of disease process, treatment, and safety precautions • Demonstrates effective coping strategies Parkinson’s Disease This disease affects the receptors for dopamine in the brain and does not allow them to transmit signals that control movements. The cause is not known, but there are factors in its occurrence. It may be caused by infection, chemicals, manganese toxicity, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Parkinson’s has four main manifestations: Akinesia (movements that are slowed), unstable posture, tremor, and rigid muscles. It commonly occurs in people over the age of 60, with men being more affected than women. This disease does not cause impairment of intellect, but CT scans show that this disease can affect cerebral blood flow in some and may cause dementia. The disease tends to be progressive, but there are medications that can help to manage symptoms and slow the progression. Signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: • Bradykinesia (slowed movements) • Absent postural reflex • Dysphagia • Drooling or excess salivation • Psychosis • Dementia • Rigidity • Mask-like expression • Weakness • Tremors • Difficulty with tasks • Pill rolling tremors • Absent arm swing • Confusion • Propulsive gait • Depression • Anorexia • Aspiration • Social withdrawal • Postural instability ©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 94 of 204

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