SAMPLE NCLEX-LPN
6. Client Education : LPNs educate clients and families about treatmentplans,medications,and self-care strategies. 7. Documentation : LPNs maintain accurate and up-to-date records of client assessments, interventions, and outcomes, ensuring continuity of care. 8. Advocacy :LPNsadvocateforclients'needsandpreferences,ensuringtheyreceiveappropriate care and services. Case Management Case Managers are nurses that specialize in care coordination and organizeclientcare,collaborating with healthcare providers to ensure that clients receive the services they need in a timely and cost-effective manner. Case managers also advise clients, ensuring they have accesstoallnecessary resources to improve their health . The case managerutilizesthecriticalpathwayapproachtoprovide safe and cost-effective individual care to each client. Critical pathways, also known as clinical pathways or clinical maps, are management plans that display goals for clients and provide the sequence and timing of actions necessary to achieve these goals with optimal efficiency. LPNs play a significant role inbothdirectclientcareandcasemanagement.Ingeneral,LPNsconduct more direct carethanRNs,butwithinthatrole,manyarealsoperformingcasemanagementfunctions suchasassessments,careplanning,collaborationwithotherhealthcareteammembers,andfollow-ups. LPNs regularly assistRNCaseManagerswiththeircaseloads,particularlyduringbusyperiods.Workis often carried out in teams in a collaborative, negotiated environment. Nursing Models Below are the 4 standard nursing models used in today's healthcare environment. Each model is tailoredtomeettheneedsoftheindividualclientandthepopulationreceivingcare.Nursescantakea holistic approach to providing care through these models while ensuring client safety and cost containment. 1. PrimaryNursing :PrimaryNursingisarelationship-basedpracticewheretheRegisteredNurse (RN) actively provides total client care. This approach is very labor-intensive and requires an appropriate amount of nurses. Organizations that utilize the primary nursing model do not employ LPNs. 2. Team Nursing : Team Nursing is a model that consists of a teamleaderprovidingsomeclient care while delegating specific tasks to other nursing members, including unlicensed assistive personnel.AllTeammembersareworkingwiththesameplanofcaretoachievethesamegoals and outcomes. 3. Total Care : Total Care is a client-focused or case-method nursing model in which one RN is responsible for all aspects of a client's care. This model does not utilize LPNs or unlicensed assistive personnel in the acute care setting.
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