NCLEX-PN

Physiological complications arising from immobility encompass joint atrophy, contractures, disuse osteoporosis, pressure ulcers, orthostatic hypotension, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolisms, decreased peristalsis leading to constipation, and kidney stones. On a psychological level , clients can experience body image concerns, reduced social interaction, sensory deprivation, and depression. Counteracting these complications requires comprehensive interventions. Active and passive range of motion exercises, strategic positioning, and mobilization work to enhance circulation. Techniques such as turning, repositioning, and the use of pressure-relieving support surfaces are essential for maintaining skin integrity and preventing breakdown. Employing anti-embolic stockings and sequential compression devices is key to promoting venous return. Equally vital is the knowledge of when to employ orthopedic and assistive devices , such as crutches, walkers, canes, splints, traction, braces, or casts. Your ability to educate clients about proper device usage to maintain correct body alignment plays a significant role in ensuring their well-being. Recognizing the Complications Arising from Immobility The potential risks and complications associated with immobility encompass a wide range of issues, including skin breakdown, pressure ulcers, contractures, muscular weakness, muscular atrophy, disuse osteoporosis, renal calculi, urinary stasis, urinary retention, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, atelectasis, pneumonia, reduced respiratory vital capacity, venous stasis, venous insufficiency, orthostatic hypotension, diminished cardiac reserve, edema, emboli, thrombophlebitis, constipation, and calcium depletion from bones. These complications impose significant burdens on both healthcare expenditures and the well-being of individuals. It is imperative to prioritize the prevention of these potentially costly complications related to immobility. Complete immobility and prolonged bed rest pose considerable threats to both physical and psychological health, potentially leading to severe complications. Members of the nursing care team and other healthcare professionals, such as physical therapists, play a vital role in advocating for client mobility and preventing immobility whenever feasible. Immobility can adversely affect various physiological systems within the body. Complications Related to Immobility by Bodily Systems

Bodily Systems A ected by Immobility

Complications

Preventive Measures

●​ Urinary retention ●​ Urinary stasis ●​ Renal calculi

●​ Encourage mobility when possible ●​ Monitor urinary output ●​ Promote adequate hydration

Urinary System

●​ Urinary incontinence ●​ Urinary tract infections ●​ Constipation ●​ Impaction ●​ Difficulty evacuating feces

●​ Ensure adequate fluid intake ●​ Encourage regular movement and activity

Gastrointestinal System

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