NCLEX-PN

Musculoskeletal System : Conducting range of motion exercises for all body parts, guiding muscle strengthening exercises including isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic exercises, utilizing aids for appropriate client positioning, and initiating early weight-bearing activities. Respiratory System : Motivating clients to perform deep breathing and coughing exercises and providing postural drainage, percussion, inspiratory respiratory exercises, and vibration techniques. Further details about these techniques will be explained in the following section. Circulatory System : Facilitating active or passive range of motion, positioning maneuvers, mobilization, leg exercises, and utilizing sequential compression devices or anti-embolism stockings. Moreover, initiating measures to prevent falls risk in immobilized clients affected by orthostatic hypotension Metabolic System : Encouraging a nutritious diet with sufficient protein content. Integumentary System : Ensuring proper nutrition, promoting fluid intake, regularly turning and repositioning clients every two hours, and maintaining clean, dry skin while avoiding pressure, friction, and shearing. Psychological Well-being : Providing appropriate stimulation, encouraging social interactions, arranging visits, and engaging clients in meaningful activities Coughing, Deep Breathing, Incentive Spirometry, Postural Drainage, Percussion, Vibration, and Inspiratory Respiratory Exercises Clients are actively encouraged to engage in several respiratory techniques, such as coughing, deep breathing, utilizing an incentive spirometer, and performing inspiratory respiratory exercises. Additionally, the nurse or certified respiratory therapist plays a crucial role in administering postural drainage, percussion, and vibration. These interventions collectively address and prevent the accumulation of respiratory secretions within the airways, a concern that arises due to immobility and various respiratory ailments. Postural drainage, percussion, and vibration are commonly referred to as pulmonary hygiene measures and pulmonary physiotherapy techniques. Coughing, deep breathing, and incentive spirometry fall under the category of hyperinflation exercises , as they effectively hyperinflate the lungs. This inflation facilitates the loosening and mobilization of respiratory secretions. Importantly, these measures are not limited to immobilized clients; they are also pertinent for many post-operative individuals. The procedure for deep breathing and coughing is outlined below: 1.​ Use a pillow or the hand to gently support any tender or painful abdominal areas. 2.​ Inhale deeply, using diaphragmatic breathing through the nose.

3.​ Exhale thoroughly through the mouth. 4.​ Repeat deep breathing three times.

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