NCLEX-PN

●​ Skeletal Traction : A method of traction that requires the direct application of force through a pin that is surgically inserted into the bone. ●​ Skin Traction : The most commonly used type of traction, skin traction applies force through the skin covering the affected bone. Regular inspection of the skin under traction is crucial to prevent complications, which may include blistering, skin breakdown, and potential neurological or circulatory impairments. Splints: Protection and Pain Relief Splints protect soft tissue, reduce pain, prevent fat embolism, and minimize muscle spasms in limb fractures. Types like inflatable arm, Downey, and Sager splints are often applied by paramedics before reaching the emergency department. Splints also assist spinal immobilization, support articulating areas like knees, and aid recovery after joint procedures. Braces: Providing Support and Alignment Braces support and align different body parts. Neck, back, and elbow braces are commonly used to stabilize and protect affected areas. Casts: Managing Fractures and Preventing Deformity Casts treat fractures to prevent deformity . They can be made from plaster or fiberglass. Solid casts and bivalve casts, composed of two pieces, are common. Fiberglass casts are lighter , and bivalve casts accommodate swelling after traumatic fractures, preventing complications like compartment syndrome. The proper application of a cast is of crucial importance to prevent skin damage and ensure client comfort. It's essential for casts to dry without external pressure to avoid the formation of creases , which can lead to neurological or circulatory impairments. A too-tight cast can result in a serious condition known as compartment syndrome . Symptoms of compartment syndrome include intense, unrelieved pain, a burning sensation, paresthesia (abnormal sensations), hypoesthesia (reduced sensitivity), pulselessness , and cool, pale skin . When compartment syndrome is suspected, prompt action is necessary, including cast removal and potential surgical interventions such as a fasciotomy. Orthopedic devices , under the watchful eye of nurses, facilitate healing, alleviate pain, and ensure optimal recovery for clients with fractures. Application and Maintenance of Devices to Enhance Venous Return Compression stockings , also known as anti-embolism stockings or hoses , and automatic sequential compression devices are essential tools used to enhance venous return and prevent emboli formation. These outcomes can occur as a result of client immobilization and conditions like deep vein thrombosis . These devices are often prescribed following surgery and exert pressure on the lower extremities, as ordered by a physician and measured in millimeters of mercury.

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