NCLEX-PN

●​ Instruct the client to tilt their head back and look up and away to prevent the medication from entering the tear duct. ●​ For drops, pull down the lower lid and instill the prescribed number of drops into the conjunctival space.

●​ For ointment, pull down the lower lid and apply it from the inner to the outer canthus. ●​ Advise the client to close their eyes, roll them, and blink to evenly distribute the medication. ●​ Gently remove excess drops or ointment with a tissue. ●​ Administer the prescribed number of drops against the inner ear side. ●​ Instruct the person to remain in the side-lying position with the treated ear up for at least 10 minutes.

Otic Route Administration ●​ Warm ear drops to body temperature. ●​ Have the person lie on their side with the treated ear upright. ●​ Straighten the ear canal (pull up and back for adults, down and back for infants and young children).

Inhalation Route Administration: There are two types of inhalers: metered-dose inhalers and turbo inhalers. For metered-dose inhalers : ●​ Shake the bottle and remove the cap. ●​ Instruct the client to exhale fully. ●​ Have them firmly place their lips around the mouthpiece after exhaling. ●​ Press the bottle while they take a slow, deep inhalation. ●​ Advise rinsing their mouth to prevent fungal infection. For turbo inhalers ●​ Slide the sleeve from the mouthpiece. ●​ Turn the mouthpiece to open it. ●​ Place the colored part of the medication into the stem. ●​ Rescrew the inhaler. ●​ Slide the sleeve down to puncture the capsule. ●​ Instruct the client to fully exhale, deeply inhale, and hold their breath. Nasogastric Tube Bolus Administration Using Gravity ●​ Position the client in a Fowler's position, elevated at least 30 degrees. ●​ Confirm tube placement using residual aspiration or pH testing.

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