NCLEX-PN

●​ Interventions and Treatments: Seizure precautions, neurologic monitoring, rest, increased fluid intake, antipyretics, and antiviral drugs. ●​ Complications: Long-term neurological changes, weakness, paralysis, coma, and death. 5.​ Brain Herniation ●​ Description: Abnormal protrusion of the brainstem through the foramen magnum due to increased intracranial pressure. ●​ Signs and Symptoms: Cushing's reflex, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, posturing, hypoxia, apnea, and respiratory failure. ●​ Interventions and Treatments: Preserve life, anticonvulsant medications, osmotic diuretics, corticosteroids, intubation, and mechanical ventilation. ●​ Complications: Permanent brain damage, seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, and death. 6.​ Traumatic Head Injury ●​ Description: Injury to the skull and brain, including primary and secondary injuries. ●​ Signs and Symptoms: Increased intracranial pressure, cerebral swelling, ischemia, hypoxia, impaired respiration, hypotension, acidosis, pupil changes, posturing, seizures, and altered consciousness. ●​ Interventions and Treatments: Medications (e.g., mannitol), anticonvulsants, oxygen, mechanical ventilation, fluid replacement, blood pressure management, and pain control. ●​ Complications: Increased intracranial pressure, permanent brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. 7.​ Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ●​ Description: Bleeding in the subarachnoid space due to various causes. ●​ Signs and Symptoms: Severe headache, decreased consciousness, nausea, vomiting, seizures, photophobia, neck stiffness, visual changes, and muscular pain. ●​ Interventions and Treatments: Bed rest, prevention of vasospasm (e.g., nimodipine), treatment of underlying cause (e.g., aneurysm), and supportive care. ●​ Complications: Chemical meningitis, hydrocephalus, brain edema, vasospasm, coma, and death. 8.​ Epidural Hematoma ●​ Description: Bleeding between the skull and dura mater, typically due to head trauma.

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