NCLEX-PN

40. What type of immunity occurs when a client has an infectious, communicable disease like the measles? A.​ Adaptive immunity

B.​ Passive natural immunity C.​ Active natural immunity D.​ Active artificial immunity

Correct Response: C Explanation: The correct answer is (C) Active natural immunity. This form of immunity occurs when a client becomes immune to a disease after being infected, as is the case with infectious, communicable diseases like measles. The body produces antibodies in response to the real infection, building a natural defense against the specific pathogen. In contrast, (A) adaptive immunity involves the acquisition of antibodies or activated T cells over time, typically through repeated exposure to antigens. The incorrect options include passive natural immunity (B) , which involves the transfer of immunity from mother to fetus through the placenta, not the client's response to an infectious disease. Active artificial immunity (D) is also incorrect as it results from immunization with vaccines, not from natural infection. Understanding the distinctions between these types of immunity is essential for healthcare professionals in comprehending how the body responds to infections and vaccinations. (See Defenses Against Infection: Specific Antibody and Cell-Mediated Immunity ) 41. The LPN is finishing the admission of a client with a cognitive impairment to the unit. When explaining the call bell to the client, the client does not respond. Which of the following is most appropriate? A.​ Explain to the client that, in addition to the call bell, they can yell out for help or assistance when needed. B.​ Turn the lights down to promote rest and relaxation. C.​ Ask to move the client to a room at the end of the hallway so that they have an alert roommate that can report any issues with their call bell. D.​ Leave the call bell in the client’s hand with the thumb over the button to activate the call bell. Correct Response: A Explanation: The correct response is (A) . When explaining the call bell to a client with a cognitive impairment who does not respond, the most appropriate action is to provide an alternative method for alerting staff. It is crucial to adapt communication strategies to the client's specific needs. Therefore, explaining to the client that, in addition to the call bell, they can verbally call out for help or assistance ensures they have an alternative and effective means of communication. This approach takes into consideration the client's cognitive impairment, promoting a more client-centered approach to care. (B) and (C) are unrelated to addressing the client's communication challenge, while (D) , leaving the call bell in the client's hand with the thumb over the button, is not a safe or effective solution. In summary, offering an alternative communication method aligns with client-centered care and addresses the specific needs of the client with cognitive impairment. (See Other Preventive Measures )

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