Nursing 105

Essentials of Nursing Study Guide

• Peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC): This is inserted in the basilica or cephalic vein above the elbow in the antecubital space in the right arm. • Implantable venous access devise or port : This is used with chronic illness and long-term therapy. • Macrodrop: The infusion sets commonly have drop factors of 10, 12, 15 or 20 gtt/mL. o A drop is abbreviated as gtt. • Microdrip: The infusion set drop factor is always 60 drops/mL. Equation for Milliliters per hour: Total Infusion Volume ÷ Total Infusion Time = mL/hour Equation for Drops per Minute: (Total Infusion Volume × Drop Factor) ÷ Total Time of Infusion (in minutes) Example 1000mL in 8 hours using a macro drop 20 drops/mL (1000mL × 20) ÷ 480 minutes = 41gtt/min Pediatric Variations: These include measurement of intake and output. In infants or small children unable to use a bedpan, they will require a collecting device. If collection devices are not used, diapers must be carefully weighed to make certain the amount of fluid lost. To avoid evaporative loss or leakage, diapers should be weighed as soon as becoming soiled. Special needs for the child who is NPO: do not leave liquids at the bedside, moisten lips with petroleum jelly, and serve fluids in small containers for restricted intake. Parenteral Fluid Therapy: Varying degrees of immobilization may be needed to protect the site. The same precautions regarding asepsis, prevention of infection, and observation for infiltration are carried out.

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