Nursing 105

Essentials of Nursing Study Guide

Mineral Best Sources Functions Deficiencies Excesses Chloride common salt and many processed foods acid base balance; formation of gastric juice muscle cramps; reduced appetite; poor growth vomiting; high blood pressure Iron meats, eggs, legumes, whole grains, and green leafy vegetables component of hemoglobin and enzymes anemia; weakness; impaired immune function acute shock; death; chronic liver damage; cardiac failure Iodine fish and shell fish, dairy products, iodized salt and some bread component of thyroid hormones goiter (enlarged thyroid) gastrointestinal distress; mottling of teeth; skeletal deformities Fluoride drinking water, tea, and seafood tooth structure tooth decay nausea; vomiting; cramping Zinc meats, seafood, and whole grains component of enzymes growth failure; reproductive failure; impaired immune function nausea; vomiting; diarrhea Fiber apples, bananas, broccoli, cereal, brain, beans and peas helps eliminate waste poor digestive health; diverticular disease bloating; abdominal pain 1.3 Nutritional Needs Four food groups: The four food groups are a plan to help people construct a well-balanced diet, with food choices from milk, meat, fruits and vegetable, and bread/cereal groups. Dietary guidelines for Americans: The FDA has recently changed to a portion “plate” type diagram and will be discontinuing the pyramid. The FDA guidelines include eating a variety of foods, maintaining healthy weight, choosing a diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol, choosing a diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits, and grain products, and using sugars, salts, and sodium only in moderation. They also recommend drinking alcoholic beverages in moderation.

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