Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide

Count: 40-300 million

• • Motility: 50% are active; quality of movement on scale of 0-4 should be 2 or more • Morphology: 30% should be normal shape • Liquefaction: Coagulates into gel and liquefies within 20 minutes Infertility Treatment/Medications • Clomid: Oral medication that causes ovulation (affects pituitary gland) • Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG): Pergonal and Repronex; injectable medication used for women who do not ovulate due to pituitary problems • FSH: Gonal-F and Follistim (injectable meds similar to hMG; stimulates ovulation) • Metformin: Oral medication used for women with PCOS or insulin resistance to decrease high levels of male hormones (androgens) caused by increased insulin levels • Parlodel (Bromocriptine): Decreases prolactin levels that are causing ovulation problems • Ovarian hyperstimulation can occur with the use of too many ovulation-stimulating medications o Signs and symptoms: Swelling and pain in ovaries o In severe cases, there is abdominal pain, n/v, SOB, and rapid weight gain Treatments • Intrauterine insemination (IUI): Used for mild male infertility; if decreased or no sperm, IUI is not appropriate • Used for unexplained infertility • Often attempts with IUI are required prior to moving on to ART • Advanced reproductive treatment (ART): o Eggs and sperm are combined outside the body and returned to the women’s body o IVF: The most frequently used form of ART o Success rate decreases with age • Surrogate: o Used for women with no eggs; surrogate eggs are joined with male partner’s sperm • Gestational carrier: Used for women with ovaries but no uterus or if health conditions contraindicate pregnancy o Woman’s own egg is fertilized with partner’s sperm and placed on carrier’s uterus • Most insurance companies prohibit infertility benefits to those who have had a sterilization procedure in the past Hysterectomy • Vaginal: The uterus is removed through the vagina

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