Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide Risk factors: o Mother, sister, or aunt with endometriosis o Never giving birth o Retrograde menstruation o History of pelvic infection o Uterine abnormalities: May obstruct normal flow of menses and cause retrograde menorrhagia Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) • Enlargement of prostate cells • Constricts the flow of urine and can cause problems with nerves in the prostate and bladder • Signs and symptoms: o Urinary frequency and urgency o Difficulty starting stream (hesitancy) o Incomplete emptying of bladder o Decrease in force of stream with straining to empty bladder o Dribbling • Diagnosis: o Digital rectal exam: Can evaluate the size and presence of abnormal growths o Labs: UA, urine culture and sensitivity, and PSA (prostate specific antigen) to evaluate for prostate cancer o PVR urine (post-void residual) via catheterization or bladder scan o Flow rate: Initially and to evaluate treatment • Treatment: o Standard treatment is TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) • BPH medications: o Alpha-adrenergic blockers (Flomax, Rapaflo, Hytrin, and Cardura) o Five Alpha Reductase Inhibitors (Proscar and Avodart) o Cialis: FDA approved for BPH as well as ED Erectile Dysfunction • The inability to obtain and maintain an erection that is satisfactory for sexual activity in the absence of any ejaculatory disorder • Affects 18 million males over age 20; incidence increases with age • Physical causes: o Heart disease; atherosclerosis o Hypertension •

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