Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide

Phase 2: Plateau •

Extends to the brink of orgasm Intensified phase one changes

• • Increased blood flow and swelling of the vagina; vaginal walls turn purple • Increased sensitivity of the clitoris with retraction under the clitoral hood to avoid direct penile stimulation • Testes withdraw up into the scrotum • Increase in respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure • Muscle tension increases Phase 3: Orgasm • The phase where the climax of the sexual response cycle occurs • Shortest phase, which lasts only seconds • Involuntary muscle spasms begin; foot muscles spasm • Highest point of respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure with increased oxygen intake • Sudden release of sexual tension • Vaginal muscles contract; rhythmic contractions in the uterus • Rhythmic contractions of muscles in the penile base; semen is ejaculated • Sexual rash or flush may occur Phase 4: Resolution • Body returns to normal functioning and body parts return to previous size and color • General sense of well-being, intimacy, and fatigue • Women are capable of returning to orgasmic state with further stimulation; can have multiple orgasms • Men experience refractory period or recovery time where they cannot reach orgasm again 1.7 Sexual Dysfunction Sexual dysfunction refers to a problem during any phase in the sexual response cycle that interferes with achieving satisfaction from the sexual activity. Causes of sexual dysfunction include: • Physical and/or medical: Causes such as heart disease, diabetes, menopause, chronic disease, decreased mobility, and certain medications • Psychological: Stress and anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and history of sexual abuse/trauma

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