Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide • HPV: It can cause genital warts or abnormal cervical cell changes. Women should receive routine cervical cancer screenings. • Genital herpes: It can lead to miscarriage or premature delivery. It can be passed from the mother to her baby if symptoms are present at the time of delivery, causing neonatal herpes, which can be fatal. o Most often occurs with primary episode of HSV in third trimester with no seroconversion by the onset of labor; 33% chance of transmission o Often asymptomatic shedding o HSV I: Orofacial lesions o HSV II: Genital tract o Both can infect oral and genital tract • Congenital HSV (4% of all neonatal infections) o Can result in microcephaly, hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, and vesicular skin lesions o Causes seizures, psychomotor retardation, spasticity, blindness, learning disabilities, and death Methods of STD Prevention The only reliable way to avoid infection is abstinence. However, the following are additional ways to prevent STDs: • Vaccines: HPV and Hepatitis B • Mutual monogamy with uninfected partner • Reducing the number of partners • Condom use for anal, vaginal, and oral sex o Use of dental dams o Use protection consistently and correctly o Condoms reduce the risk of exposure but are not 100% effective in prevention • Avoid excessive alcohol and drug use • Educate children/teens on risks and transmission • Consider male circumcision; there is evidence that male circumcision can help reduce the risks of acquiring HIV in heterosexual transmission by as much as 60 percent; it may also help reduce transmission of HPV and genital herpes Condom: Collects ejaculate and keeps sperm from entering the vagina • Hormonal: Implant, patch, pills, or injections (increases cervical mucous and prevents egg 1.9 Birth Control Methods •

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