Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide o Decreased blood flow can reduce desire and interfere with erectile and ejaculation function in men o In women, it can lead to vaginal dryness and difficulty achieving orgasm o Highest incidence is with diuretics and beta and alpha blockers • Statins and fibrates: Used for high cholesterol; interferes with production of testosterone, estrogen, and other sex hormones • H2 Blockers: Used to treat GI disorders; Tagamet; wide range of sex-related side effects (decreased libido, decreased sperm count, and erectile dysfunction) • Antidepressants: Cause problems in all areas of sexual function o Blocks the action of three brain chemicals that relay signals to nerve cells: acetylcholine, serotonin, and norepinephrine o Anafranil (Clomipramine): Causes ejaculation failure, impotence, and decreased libido; SSRIs like Prozac and tricyclic antidepressants (Elavil) decrease libido • Antipsychotics: Block dopamine, which helps regulate the brain’s pleasure centers; also increase prolactin, which leads to erectile dysfunction and decreased libido Medications that Improve Sexual Function • Viagra, Levitra, Cialis o Used for men who have trouble getting or keeping an erection o Reverse dysfunction by increasing nitric oxide, which opens and relaxes the blood vessels in the penis o These medications do not increase sex drive, they only cause erections when a person is sexually stimulated 1.11 Age-Related Changes to Sexuality Changes for Women • Enjoyment: Some enjoy sex more as they grow older, due to no longer having the concern of unwanted pregnancy. For others, age-related changes may make sex less enjoyable. • Appearance: Some women feel age-related physical changes make them less attractive, which may decrease enjoyment or participation in sexual activity. • Menopause: Loss of estrogen and testosterone following menopause can lead to a decrease in tactile stimulation and sensation. o The decrease in estrogen can also decrease blood supply to the vagina, affecting lubrication. o Vaginal walls become thinner and stiffer, causing discomfort during intercourse. Changes for Men • As men age, impotence becomes more common. o By age 65, 15-25% of men may experience impotence one out of every four times

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