Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide

Diagnostic Testing for Men • Semen analysis: The most important test for evaluating male fertility o Volume: 25 ml is normal volume o Count: 40-300 million is normal range o Motility and velocity: 50% should be active; quality of movement (scale of 0-4; two or more is satisfactory) o Liquefaction: Failure to coagulate and then liquefy o Cultures: Bacteria or STDs • Kruger morphology test: o Examines the shape and size of sperm head; normal is when 14% or more have normal head; less than 4% indicates a significant infertility problem Infertility Treatment • Treat infections, sexual intercourse problems, and uterine abnormalities • Hormone treatment for men • Ovulation-stimulating drugs for women • IUI (intrauterine insemination): The sperm is collected and concentrated and placed into the uterus near ovulation; can also be used with fertility medications • ART (assisted reproductive technology): The egg and sperm are handled o IVF (in vitro fertilization): The most common form of ART; involves the stimulation and retrieval of mature eggs with fertilization of sperm in a lab; embryos are then implanted into uterus 3-5 days after fertilization; average success rate decreases after age 35 o ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection): A single healthy sperm is injected directly into a mature egg; used when sperm quantity and/or quality is a problem o Donor eggs or sperm o Gestational carrier: The couple has embryo placed into a carrier uterus Risks to Infertility Treatment • Multiple pregnancy • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome • Infection • Preterm delivery or low birth weight • Greater risk for heart, digestive, and cleft lip/palate problems

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