Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide

3.5 Pregnancy at Risk • Diabetes Mellitus o

Pregnancy aggravates diabetes o Increase in fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality o Increased risk for congenital malformations and spontaneous abortion during organogenesis (up to 10 weeks) o Later in pregnancy it can increase the risk for fetal macrosomia, preeclampsia, and shoulder dystocia • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) o Can be transferred to fetus during pregnancy, labor and delivery, or breastfeeding o Risk of transmission can be reduced with appropriate treatment o Routine testing in pregnancy is recommended in early pregnancy and again at 35-37 weeks • Anemia o Insufficient dietary iron to meet pregnancy demands o Significant anemia during first and second trimester increases risk for preterm delivery (PTD) or low birth weight (LBW) o Increased risk for maternal blood loss during labor o Decreased ability to fight infection • Cardiac conditions o Increase in blood volume causes the heart to work harder o Can pose life-threatening risks for the mom and baby o Mitral or aortic valve disorders may require surgery prior to conceiving o Can increase incidence of CHF o Increases risk for the baby to be born with a cardiac defect; increased risk for PTD • Advanced maternal age (AMA) o Women over 35 years old o Infertility o Multiple pregnancy o Gestational diabetes o Pregnancy induced hypertension o Low birth weight o Preterm delivery o Chromosomal abnormalities o Pregnancy loss • Adolescent pregnancy o More likely to have pregnancy complications such as anemia, PIH, PTL, PTD, and LBW o Children born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have social, behavioral, and

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