Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide • • Can occur as a result of sleep deprivation or hormonal changes • Risk factors: o History of postpartum depression or depression o Significant life stressors o Lack of support o History of mood changes with menses or oral contraceptives o History of poor pregnancy outcome in the past o Ambivalence about pregnancy • Psychosis is rare, but PPD can increase the risk of suicide and infanticide • Lack of bonding can lead to social and emotional problems with the child later in life • PPD can affect the father of baby (depression and marital problems) Parental Stages • Bonding: Attachment that develops between parents and their baby o Taking-in phase:  1-2 days after delivery  New mother focuses on attention, rest, and food  New father may also have trouble adjusting to parenting o Taking-hold phase:  Mother assumes responsibility for her own care  Parents focus on learning how to care for the baby  May feel neglected by partner with increased involvement with baby o Letting-go phase:  Couple acknowledges loss of lifestyle prior to baby  Occurs in 10-15% of women Family adjustment and role adaptation depends upon the health of the mother and baby, family support, and maturity level of the parents  Parents need to see the baby as a separate entity with its own unique personality; unrealistic expectations can cause feelings of failure  Learning how to care for infant and how the baby communicates will help parents cope with role changes and adaptation Cultural Influences on Adaptation • In many cultures, care of the mother and baby is performed by female relatives • Mothers are encouraged to rest for a specified time, depending upon religion or culture, while female relatives assume care of the baby • Cultural dietary practices and restrictions may be observed

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