Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide Ventricular septal defect , and displaced aorta

• Occurs in 1:2518 babies per year in the U.S. • Composed of four defects : ventricular hypertrophy , • Causes decreased oxygenation

pulmonary valve stenosis ,

right

• Signs and symptoms: Cyanosis of lips, fingers, and toes, poor feeding, arrhythmias, decreased growth and development, stroke, and tet spells (cyanosis with crying or feeds) • Treatment: Surgery soon after birth Atrioventricular Septal Defect • Holes between the heart chambers with abnormal valve formation • Leads to abnormal blood flow and increased flow to the lungs • Can be complete (one common valve instead of a tricuspid and mitral valve), or partial (both valves present but one of the valves does not close completely) • Causes excess blood to circulate, resulting in mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood • Can lead to congestive heart failure • Occurs most often in babies born with Down Syndrome • Treatment: Surgical correction in infancy Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome • Life-threatening condition where the left side of the heart is underdeveloped (aorta, aortic valve, left ventricle, and mitral valve) • Results in decreased oxygenation • Normal blood flowwhile ductus arteriosus remains open, but when DA closes, the oxygen level decreases • Signs and symptoms: Cyanosis and respiratory/feeding problems • Treatment: Heart transplant or extensive surgery Truncus Arteriosus • Also known as common truncus • Rare defect where there is a single vessel (truncal valve) coming from the heart instead of both the main pulmonary artery and aorta • Truncal valve is often abnormal (too thick, narrow, or leaky) • Different types depending upon how arteries remain connected • Usually also accompanied by VSD • Treatment: Surgery soon after birth

©2018

Achieve

Page 82

of 109