Nursing 209

N209: Reproductive Health Study Guide

Tricuspid Atresia • Tricuspid valve does not form at all • No blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle • Leads to severely underdeveloped right ventricle • Survival depends upon presence of VSD or PDA to allow circulation to the lungs • Treatment: Requires surgery in the first few days of life 6.2 Respiratory Defects Cystic Fibrosis • Inherited disease that causes thick, sticky mucous to form in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs causing blockages • Occurs in 1:2500-3500 white newborns (less common in other ethnic groups) • Second most common inherited disorder in the U.S. (most common is sickle cell anemia) • Autosomal recessive; one defective gene inherited from each parent • Decreased life expectancy; can improve with early treatment • Identified with prenatal screening • Treatment includes: o Postural drainage and percussion o Inhaled medications (antibiotics, mucous-thinning agents, bronchodilators, and hypertonic saline) o Antibiotics (Azithromycin) o Anti-inflammatory medications (Ibuprofen to decrease swelling in airways) o Lung transplantation (severe cases) o Dietary changes due to improper absorption of nutrients (increased calories and fat), vitamin and mineral supplements, and pancreatic enzyme supplements • Can cause blockage in the pancreas, which leads to decreased insulin production; it can lead to cystic fibrosis related diabetes mellitus (CFRDM) • Lung damage caused by repeated respiratory infections is the leading cause of death Esophageal Atresia • Incomplete formation of the esophagus • Frequently associated with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) • Most common GI atresia • Rarely occurs as an isolated anomaly; other congenital malformations occur in up to 50% of babies with esophageal atresia

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