Nursing 211

N211: Health Differences Across the Lifespan I Methylxanthines

Beta Agonists Dilate bronchial smooth muscles, increase ciliary movement and decrease bronchospasms Asthma Epinephrine Albuterol Metaproterenol Isoproterenol Terbutaline Increase pule rate Corticosteroids Reduces inflammation and bronchial constriction Throat irritation, coughing, dry mouth, hoarseness Fungal infection of mouth and pharynx Bronchodilators should be administered first to dilate the bronchioles and allow increased absorption of the steroid. Rinse and gargle after inhalation of the drug

Anticholinergics Relax smooth muscles of the bronchioles, increase movement of mucus in the airways; potentiate contraction of the diaphragm Bronchodilating Asthmatics with heart disease Aminophylline Theophylline Atropine methyl nitrate Ipratropium bromide Tachycardia Cardiac dysrhythmias Systemic symptoms, Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary hesitancy, palpitations, flushing Mast Cell In ibitors Antihistamines

Effect(s)

Use(s)

Generic Name(s)

Standard Error (SE)

Bronchodilation, decreased airway inflammation and prevents the release of mediators

Relaxes smooth muscles in the bronchial tree, prevents secretions and reduces itching Diphenhydramine – Benadryl Clemastine – Tavist Carbinoxamine – Clistin Cetirizine – Zyrtec Loratadine – Claritin Fexofenadine - Allegra

Effect(s)

Asthma Respiratory disorders Given between attacks of asthma Allergies asthma

Use(s)

Prednisone Prednisolone Hydrocortisone Beclomethasone Dexamethasone Cromolyn Sodium

Generic Name(s)

Standard Error (SE)

Teaching

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