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Health Differences Across the Lifespan 2 Study Guide of 136 beliefs and thereby challenge unhealthy or maladaptive self-appraisal and begin to view themselves realistically. Think of an anorexic person who is obsessed with the cultural norm of slimness. With cognitive therapy, she might come to view herself as being of perfectly normal weight and seeing the idea of her obsession as causing detrimental health to herself. Reality Orientation The purpose of reality orientation is to verbally or visually reorient people to reality by reminding them about things that they keep forgetting, such as the current day, month, year, and names of loved ones. Memory aides include pictures, clocks, and calendars. Reality orientation often works well in the early stages of dementia when people have minimal cognitive impairment. Assertiveness Training This training assists people in learning to positively and confidently state their wants and needs. Assertiveness does mean the same thing as aggressiveness; people are still to respect the rights of others. This training is useful for people who have histories of being taken advantage of by others, such as spousal abuse. Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Rational-emotive therapy is highly action-oriented and deals with the patient’s cognitive and moral state. This therapy stresses the patient’s ability of thinking on their own and in their ability to change. The rational-emotive therapist believes that we are born with the ability of rational thinking but that we may fall victim to irrational thinking. They stress the patient’s ability to think, in making good judgments, and in taking action. The therapist will use directed therapy. The therapist believes that a neurosis is a result of irrational behavior and irrational thinking. The rational-emotive and cognitive- behavioral therapist believe the patients problems are rooted in childhood and in their belief system that was formed in childhood. Therapy will include methods in solving and dealing with emotional or behavior problems. The therapist will help the patient to eliminate any self-defeating outlooks they may have and to view life in a rational way. Reality Therapy The reality therapist teaches the patient ways to control the world around them and how to meet personal needs. They believe that the patient can and will change their life for the better. The reality therapist focuses on the what and the why of the patient’s actions. They point out what the patient is doing and in getting them to evaluate it. A behavioral or emotional problem is a direct result of the patient’s beliefs and feelings about themselves. The therapist will help the patient evaluate their behaviors and feelings, challenging them to become more effective at meeting their needs. Transactional Analysis Transactional analysis focuses on the patient’s cognitive and behavioral functioning. The therapist helps the patient evaluate their past decisions and how those decisions effect their present life. They ©2018 Achieve Page 35