Nursing 212

Health Differences Across the Lifespan 2 Study Guide

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) Behaviors of ADHD include hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and poor attention span. The behavior must be present in two or more settings, before age 7, and must result in social or academic impairment. Signs and symptoms include decreased attention span, difficulty organizing tasks and activities, easily distracted, fidgets, squirms, frequent forgetfulness, and impulsive behavior. Treatment: behavioral modification and psychological therapy; Ritalin; Dexedrine to help the child concentrate; administer medication in the morning and at noon to avoid sleep interference; give one simple instruction at a time; reduce environmental stimuli and formulate a schedule for the child to provide consistency and routine • Psychopharmacology: central nervous system stimulants (Ritalin, Cylert, Dexedrine) • Cylert therapy (cerebral stimulant): used for ADHD, schizophrenia, fatigue, and depression; side effects include insomnia, hyperactivity, restlessness, seizures, and Tourette’s syndrome • Antipsychotics: neuroleptics (drugs used to treat psychosis); also called typical antipsychotic agents Typical Antipsychotics Atypical Antipsychotics Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Aripiprazole (Abilify) Phenothiazine Clozapine (Clozaril) Fluphenazine (Prolixin) Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Perphenazine (Trilafon) Paliperidone (Invega) Thioridazine (Mellaril) Quetiapine (Seroquel) Trifluoperazine (Stelazine) Risperidone (Risperdal) Haloperidol (Haldol) Ziprasidone (Geodon) Loxapine (Loxitane) Molindone (Moban) Pimozide (Orap) Thiothixene (Navane) Side effects of antipsychotics: constipation; dry mouth; nasal congestion; blurred vision; mydriasis; photophobia; orthostatic hypotension; tachycardia; urinary retention; urinary hesitation; sedation; weight gain; agranulocytosis; akathrisia; dystonias; drug induced Parkinsonism; tardive dyskinesia; neuroleptic malignant syndrome; seizures Medications used to treat extrapyramidal side effects: • Anticholinergic • Antihistamine • Dopamine Agonist • Benztropine (Cogentin) • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) • Amantadine (Symmetrel)

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