Nursing 213

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide order to properly assess the condition. The types of scoliosis are as follows: • Idiopathic scoliosis: There is no known cause for this type. The spine bends into a lateral curve on its own. It can happen from birth to three years of age (infantile), from ages 3-10 years (juvenile), and after the age of 10 (adolescent). • Neuromuscular scoliosis : This type occurs in children with other underlying health problems, such as muscular dystrophy, spinal bifida, and cerebral palsy. Other factors are arthritis, injury, fracture, infection, or bone diseases. • Congenital scoliosis: This happens in the womb when the vertebrae are being formed. This condition is treatable with bracing, exercise, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery. Screening and treatment are necessary to prevent complications. Signs and symptoms of scoliosis: • Hips uneven/one more prominent • Uneven waistline • Uneven breast size • Clothing does not fit properly • Back pain • Poor, uneven posture • Abnormal gait • Respiratory dysfunction Nursing assessment for scoliosis: • Check respirations: respiratory muscle use, depth, breath sounds, and character • Inquire about history of pain: location, severity, and duration • Have patient ambulate; check gait, mobility, ability to bend over, and range ofmotion • Visualize the spine for deformity (C or S curve in spine) • Review radiology reports: o X-ray: Will show curvature o Pulmonary testing: Checks lung function o MRI: Can show even small abnormalities in the spine o Clinical photography: Keep photo documentation on the patient from each visit to watch for changes Nursing diagnosis for scoliosis: • Impaired physical mobility related to spinal curvature • Pain related to abnormal spinal structure • Risk for ineffective breathing pattern related to abnormal thoracic structure • Risk for body image disturbance related to curvature or wearing of brace • Risk for impaired skin integrity related to pressure from the brace or surgical wounds

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