Nursing 213

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide o EEG: Monitors the electrical activity in the brain and can help diagnose seizure type; for this test, patient teaching needs to focus on test prep  No caffeine prior to testing  Clean hair with no hairspray or products  Patient may be asked to stay awake 12 to 24 hours prior to test Nursing diagnosis for epilepsy (seizure disorders): • Risk for aspiration related to seizure, secondary to loss of consciousness and improper position • Risk for injury related to loss of consciousness and falls • Social Isolation related to fear and effects on lifestyle • Ineffective management of medications related to treatment of disorder • Knowledge deficit related to disease process, medications, and follow-up care including labs Nursing interventions for epilepsy (seizure disorders): • Always keep seizure precautions in place until patient is stable; if seizure occurs place patient on side to prevent aspiration • Give anti-seizure medications per MDorder: o Dilantin (Phenytoin): Teach good oral hygiene due to side effect of gingival hyperplasia o Other common medications: Phenobarbital, depakote/depakene (Valproate), tegretol (Carbamazepine), neurontin (gabapentin), lamictal (lamotrigine), mysoline (primidone), zarontin (ehosuximide), topamax (topiramate), zonegran (zonisamide), keppra (levetiracetam), and gabitril (tiagabine) o Valium and Klonipin: Benzodiazepines that can stop seizures in emergencies • Provide supplemental oxygen per MD order if necessary • Prepare to assist with intubation in case of respiratorycompromise • Give IV fluids as needed • Encourage patient to rest during post-ictal phase • Assist patient with obtaining a medical alert bracelet for disorder and medications taken • Encourage social interaction and suggest ways to deal with the disorder outside of the home • Thorough patient and family teaching regarding seizure precautions, fall precautions, and the necessity of laboratory and MD follow-ups • Teach patient to avoid risk factors, such as stress, caffeine, lack of sleep, flickering (strobe) lights, certain video games, and drug and alcohol use

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